Syrian Military Transformation: A Shift Towards a Professional Army
In a significant shift from its traditional military structure, the Syrian regime, under President Bashar al-Assad, is moving towards establishing a more professional army. This initiative, dubbed 'A Professional Advanced Army,' aims to reduce reliance on compulsory military service and expand recruitment among volunteers and contractors. Major General Ahmed Suleiman, Director of the General Administration in the Ministry of Defense, announced that tens of thousands of military personnel will be demobilized in stages throughout 2024 and 2025. This move marks a departure from the long-standing practice of compulsory service that has defined the Syrian military since its inception in 1946.
The new recruitment strategy is designed to attract Syrian citizens under 32 years of age, including those who have previously failed to complete their service. The regime is offering financial incentives, including monthly salaries, housing, and social benefits, to entice volunteers. This change in military policy reflects broader reforms within the ruling Baath Party and hints at potential changes within Syria's political and security structures.
Addressing Military Challenges and Foreign Influence
The Syrian army's performance during the ongoing conflict has raised concerns within the regime. Unlike the more loyal and cohesive security services, the army has faced significant defections and has struggled to decisively win battles against predominantly civilian armed groups. The regime's reliance on foreign military support, particularly from Russia and Iran, has become increasingly apparent, as these forces have played a crucial role in stabilizing the regime's hold on power.
The regime's decision to restructure its military comes amid ongoing economic challenges and the need for political normalization with regional powers. Talks with Gulf states have highlighted the importance of an army that does not threaten regional security, prompting the regime to reassess its military ideology and structure. By integrating local militias aligned with Iran and Russia, the regime aims to create a more homogeneous and loyal military force, while also addressing external pressures for reform.
As the regime seeks to portray itself as responsive to calls for change, it faces the challenge of building a professional army capable of operating independently without foreign support. The success of this transformation will depend on securing the necessary resources and maintaining a delicate balance between the interests of its allies and the need for internal stability.
