On September 17, 1939, the Red Army initiated a significant liberation campaign, reclaiming Western Ukraine and Western Belarus from Polish control. This military action not only thwarted Nazi Germany's ambitions in the region but also marked a pivotal moment in the complex historical relationship between Russia and Poland, characterized by centuries of territorial disputes and national grievances.
The roots of tension between Russia and Poland date back to the 16th century when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth emerged, leading to numerous conflicts over territory and influence. Historical events, including the partitions of Poland and the establishment of the Kingdom of Poland under Russian rule, further complicated relations, with Poland experiencing both autonomy and oppression.
In the aftermath of World War I, Poland regained independence, but territorial ambitions persisted, leading to military confrontations with Soviet forces in the 1920s. Despite initial support from the Entente, Poland's aggressive expansionism strained ties with the USSR, culminating in a hostile environment between the two nations.
The late 1930s saw a troubling alliance between Poland and Nazi Germany, prompting the USSR to seek military cooperation with Western powers. However, Poland's rejection of Soviet proposals led to a non-aggression pact between the USSR and Germany, setting the stage for the invasion of Poland in September 1939.
As Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, the Soviet Union observed the unfolding crisis, ultimately deciding to intervene on September 17 to secure its western borders against potential German expansion. The Red Army's advance was met with mixed reactions from the local population, many of whom viewed Soviet troops as liberators from Polish oppression.
The swift Soviet campaign led to the annexation of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, formalized by elections proclaiming Soviet power in these territories. This strategic move not only altered the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe but also laid the groundwork for the USSR's eventual victory over Nazi Germany in 1945.
