The coup in Gabon reflects a broader trend of military takeovers in Africa, with citizens increasingly dissatisfied with long-standing political elites.
Western countries are navigating a complex landscape of interests in Africa, balancing democratic ideals with strategic economic partnerships.
Gabon’s rich natural resources make it a key player in the geopolitical rivalry between Western nations and China.
General Nguema may seek to consolidate power and potentially run for president, continuing the legacy of the Bongo family.
The relationship between Gabon and Western powers could evolve, depending on Nguema's adherence to promised reforms and the geopolitical landscape.
Increased Chinese influence in Gabon could challenge Western interests, prompting a reevaluation of strategies in the region.
Overview of the Gabon Military Coup
On August 30, 2023, Gabon experienced a significant political upheaval when General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema led a military coup, overthrowing President Ali Bongo Ondimba, who had been in power for 56 years. This coup occurred just days after Bongo was declared the winner of the presidential elections held on August 26, 2023. Nguema, who was sworn in as interim president, claimed the military's actions were aimed at improving the lives of Gabonese citizens suffering from decades of misrule. Since then, he has proposed various reforms, including a new constitution and changes to electoral and criminal laws.
Western Interests and Responses
Gabon is strategically located on the Gulf of Guinea and is a significant oil producer, with crude oil accounting for 80% of its exports. The country also possesses valuable resources such as manganese and gold, making it a focal point for Western interests, particularly from France and the United States. Following the coup, the U.S. has shown interest in Gabon's mineral supply chains and has engaged with Nguema to strengthen bilateral relations. In contrast, while the UK and Canada condemned the coup, the U.S. response was more measured, reflecting a potential shift in Western policy towards military-led governments in Africa.
The Implications of Double Standards
The differing responses from Western nations to the Gabon coup compared to other recent military takeovers in Africa have raised concerns about double standards. Critics argue that the West's primary motivation is to safeguard its economic and military interests rather than uphold democratic values. The acceptance of Nguema's leadership by Western powers, despite the unconstitutional nature of his rise to power, suggests a pragmatic approach to maintaining influence in a resource-rich region. As Gabon strengthens ties with China, the West's support for Nguema may be seen as a strategic move to counterbalance Chinese influence in Central Africa.
