The General Federation of Labor in Israel, known as Histadrut, has a rich history rooted in socialist movements dating back to 1920 during the British Mandate in Palestine. Founded with the goal of unifying the workers' camp, Histadrut has grown to become Israel's largest labor union, boasting 799,000 members across various sectors, including state departments, banks, and defense industries. Historically led by significant figures like David Ben-Gurion, who would later become Israel's first prime minister, the union has played a crucial role in advocating for workers' rights through strikes and campaigns aimed at influencing government policy.
Most recently, on September 2, 2024, Histadrut executed a general strike to compel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to agree to a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, significantly disrupting public services. This action is part of a longstanding tradition within the union to pressure the government for changes that benefit workers. The Histadrut's vision emphasizes principles of equality, social justice, and solidarity among workers, aiming to improve working conditions and integrate marginalized groups into the labor market.
Key historical milestones for Histadrut include notable strikes in 2003 against government control over employee compensation, and a major protest in 2006 regarding delayed salaries in the public sector. Under the leadership of Arnon Bar David, elected in 2019, the union continues to advocate for workers' rights while navigating the complex socio-political landscape of Israel.
- The Histadrut was established in response to the fragmentation among workers in the region, with its first meeting held in Haifa in December 1920. This gathering aimed to unite various factions of the labor force that were struggling under the pressures of colonial rule and economic instability. Over the decades, the union has evolved, adapting to the changing political and economic landscape of Israel, while maintaining its foundational goals of worker advocacy and national development.
- David Ben-Gurion, one of the key figures in the establishment of the Histadrut, was instrumental in shaping its early objectives. He envisioned the union not only as a defender of workers' rights but also as a pivotal organization in the nation-building process of Israel. His leadership helped lay the groundwork for the labor movement in Israel, which continues to influence politics and society today.
- The current leadership under Arnon Bar David reflects a commitment to modernizing the union's approach while addressing contemporary issues such as job security, equitable labor practices, and the integration of disabled individuals into the workforce. The Histadrut remains a powerful entity in Israeli society, advocating for the rights and interests of workers amidst ongoing challenges.
