Russia's Military Intervention in Syria: A Historical Overview
Russia's military involvement in Syria began on September 30, 2015, when President Vladimir Putin sought authorization from the Duma to deploy armed forces in the region. This intervention was prompted by the deteriorating situation of the Assad regime, which had lost control over significant territories, particularly in Idlib province. The Russian government justified its military actions as legitimate support for the Assad regime, contrasting its operations with those of the United States, which conducted airstrikes without a Security Council resolution.
Challenges in Rebuilding Assad's Army
Despite initial successes, Russia's efforts to rebuild the Syrian army faced significant challenges. Experts, including Alexei Khlebnikov from the Russian International Affairs Council, suggest that Russian leaders underestimated the complexities of the conflict, expecting quick victories without adequately modernizing the Syrian military. The Syrian armed forces were found to be exhausted and demoralized, leading to the reliance on local militias, which lacked cohesive command and control. This fragmentation posed a threat to the Assad regime, as these militias operated independently and were often led by local warlords.
Competing Interests: Russia and Iran in Syria
The dynamics of the Syrian conflict are further complicated by the competing interests of Russia and Iran. While Russia aimed to stabilize the Assad regime and demonstrate its military prowess, Iran sought to extend its ideological influence in the region. Tensions arose between the two nations, particularly in areas like Aleppo, where clashes occurred between Russian and Iranian forces. Despite these conflicts, both countries have engaged in economic competition for Syria's resources, each establishing business councils to secure contracts in various sectors. The ongoing rivalry reflects the complex geopolitical landscape in Syria, where the balance of power remains fragile.
