The Evolving Role of Religious Institutions in Modern Society
In a recent episode of the “Mawazine” program aired on November 27, 2024, the role of Islamic religious institutions was critically examined, highlighting their influence on society and their relationship with modern state governance. The discussion revealed a dichotomy between mainstream religious institutions, such as Al-Azhar in Egypt and Al-Zaytouna in Tunisia, and marginal institutions that thrive on social media and satellite channels.
Abdul Majeed Al-Najjar, Assistant Secretary-General of the International Union of Muslim Scholars, emphasized that religious institutions have been foundational since the inception of Islam, particularly during the establishment of the state in Medina. He noted that these institutions historically led civilizational progress through education and endowments. However, with the advent of the modern state, there has been a significant shift in power dynamics, with the state increasingly assuming control over religious institutions, undermining their independence.
Salama Abdel Qawi, a former advisor to the Egyptian Minister of Endowments, lamented the state’s overwhelming influence on religious endowments, suggesting that government interference has led to mismanagement and loss of funds that date back to the Ottoman Empire. He expressed concern over the lack of transparency regarding these endowment funds.
The Rise of Parallel Religious Institutions
The discussion also touched upon the emergence of parallel religious entities, which some experts argue have arisen due to the diminishing role of official institutions. Wael Arabiyat, former Minister of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Jordan, posited that the absence of a civilizational project by official institutions has created a vacuum that these parallel entities have filled. He argued that while these movements can be beneficial, they must align with national and state systems to be effective.
Arabiyat further noted that the proliferation of religious satellite channels and online fatwa programs indicates a growing demand for religious guidance outside traditional institutions. He asserted that the influence of these parallel institutions would be mitigated if official religious bodies were robust and responsive to the needs of the public. The ongoing dialogue about the role of religious institutions in society underscores the need for a reevaluation of their functions in the context of modern governance and societal expectations.
