The research highlights the critical need for innovative solutions to combat peat fires, which not only threaten biodiversity but also contribute to air pollution through the release of toxic substances.
The findings could have significant implications for peatland management practices in Russia and potentially in other countries with similar peat reserves.
The development of a predictive computer program could enhance proactive measures in fire prevention, allowing for timely interventions in vulnerable areas.
If widely adopted, the compacting method could lead to a significant decrease in peat fire incidents in Russia, improving soil fertility and reducing air pollution.
The creation of a predictive program could revolutionize how peatlands are monitored and managed, potentially serving as a model for other regions facing similar challenges.
As climate change continues to affect weather patterns, the importance of effective peatland management strategies will likely increase, making this research timely and relevant.
Scientists from the Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy have developed a method to prevent peat fires by compacting the top layers of peat soil. This innovative approach addresses the issue of spontaneous combustion, particularly in Russia, which holds the world's largest peat reserves, primarily located in Siberia and the European regions. The research, supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), was published in the journal 'Nature Management'.
The study revealed that loose peat soil, which contains higher levels of oxygen, is more prone to combustion. By compacting the top layer of peat, the risk of fire can be significantly reduced. The researchers conducted experiments using samples from the Tver and Ryazan regions, discovering that smoldering in less dense soil occurs 2.5 times faster than in denser soil.
The proposed method involves a three-step process: plowing to bring moisture to the surface, mixing the loosened layers, and then compacting the soil with specialized equipment. Results indicated that treated soils take twice as long to catch fire, extending the time before spontaneous combustion occurs from four months to eight months. This is particularly beneficial given that the hot season in central Russia lasts only about four months, suggesting that treated soils are less likely to ignite during this period.
While the method shows promise, it does have limitations, particularly in forested areas where terrain clearing would be necessary. Future developments include creating a computer program to predict fire risks based on peat density and weather conditions.
