Breakthrough Discovery: New Blood Group MAL Identified After 50 Years of Research
In a groundbreaking achievement, researchers from NHS Blood and Transplant in Bristol have identified a new blood group, known as MAL, after decades of investigation into the rare AnWj antigen. This discovery, which has been in the making since the 1970s, could dramatically improve blood transfusion safety and save thousands of lives worldwide. According to Louise Tilley, Senior Research Scientist, this milestone is the culmination of extensive teamwork and dedication to understanding this unique blood group system.
The AnWj antigen, present in over 99.9% of the population, has been a long-standing mystery. Individuals who are AnWj-negative, however, face significant risks during blood transfusions, as receiving the wrong blood type can lead to severe complications, including bleeding and coagulation disorders. The researchers’ work has now enabled the development of genetic tests to accurately identify AnWj-negative patients and donors, paving the way for safer transfusions and better patient care.
Implications for Blood Transfusion and Patient Care
The identification of the MAL blood group brings the total number of known blood group systems to 47, including the well-known ABO and Rh systems. The research highlights that most AnWj-negative individuals are affected by hematological diseases or specific cancers that suppress the expression of the AnWj antigen. Only a handful of cases are due to genetic reasons, which were uncovered through extensive DNA sequencing of individuals from an Arab-Israeli family with multiple AnWj-negative members.
This significant advancement not only enhances the safety of blood transfusions but also offers hope for those with rare blood types. According to Nicole Thornton of NHS Blood and Transplant, the ability to identify genetically AnWj-negative individuals will facilitate the matching of donors and patients, ensuring that those with this rare blood type receive the best possible care. As Tilley emphasized, this research is vital for providing optimal treatment to patients who are often overlooked due to their rare blood characteristics.
