The Historic Move of the Mossovet Building: A Marvel of Engineering
The Mossovet building, now known as Moscow City Hall, made history 85 years ago by being relocated in just 41 minutes, setting a world record for moving historical structures. Weighing an impressive 20,000 tons, this monumental feat was achieved through meticulous planning and innovative engineering techniques. The operation involved pulling the building with a metal belt, digging a four-meter deep pit, and employing hydraulic jacks to lift the structure onto wheeled trolleys that rolled it along rails to its new location. Remarkably, employees inside the building continued their work as the move occurred, showcasing Soviet engineering prowess to the world.
Engineering Challenges and Solutions in Moving Historical Buildings
The relocation process was not without its challenges. The Mossovet building, designed by the renowned architect Matvey Kazakov in 1782, had a unique U-shape that complicated load distribution during the move. The absence of load-bearing structures on the ground floor posed risks of distortion or collapse. Chief engineer Emmanuil Gendel's team had to ensure the safety of important government documents stored in the basement and preserve the façade's iconic columns. Despite cracks appearing post-move, the building was reinforced with 24 metal columns, demonstrating the careful balance between preserving history and modern engineering principles.
The Legacy of Moving Buildings in Moscow: Past and Present
Historically, the relocation of buildings in Moscow was often driven by the Bolsheviks' desire to reshape the city and connect it with Petrograd, fostering a unified urban landscape. While many historical structures were destroyed during this period, the Mossovet's move symbolized a blend of preservation and modernization. Today, moving historical buildings has become less common, with a focus on integrating the past into contemporary architecture. However, the occasional relocation, such as the recent move of three buildings from the former Borets compressor plant, highlights the ongoing relevance of this engineering practice in preserving Moscow's architectural heritage.
