The potato crop is the fourth staple food in the world, following corn, rice, and wheat. Despite its significance, farmers face challenges from microscopic root suckers called nematodes, which infiltrate potato roots and cause severe damage. Traditional chemical pesticides have become ineffective against these pests, leading researchers at the City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications in Alexandria to seek alternative solutions. Their recent study, published in Scientific Reports, introduces a method of biological resistance utilizing environmentally friendly endophytic fungi.
The study focuses on the Aspergillus flavus fungus, isolated from fenugreek seeds, which can produce toxic substances that combat root-knot nematodes. Researchers employed advanced techniques like mass spectrometry and gas chromatography to identify various chemicals, including oleic and palmitic acids, that inhibit nematode growth. Additionally, compounds such as gallic acid and catechin were found to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, enhancing the plant's defense mechanisms.
Lead researcher Rehab Gharib highlighted that treating potato plants with the aqueous extract of the fungus significantly reduced the number of nematode eggs and abnormal growth by 90% and 89%, respectively. This innovative approach builds on previous studies exploring biological control methods, showcasing a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the fungal extract improves seedling growth and enhances resistance to nematode infection, making it a promising solution for farmers.
The researchers are further improving this method by combining the fungal extract with zinc nanoparticles, which not only boosts the extract's effectiveness but also enriches the soil with essential nutrients. This dual-action approach offers extended protection against nematodes while promoting healthier plant growth. Gharib expressed optimism about transitioning this environmentally safe method from the lab to practical agricultural use, aiming to benefit farmers and increase crop productivity.
