Diplomatic Tensions Rise Over French National Domains in Jerusalem
A recent diplomatic incident in Jerusalem has escalated tensions between France and Israel, highlighting the unique status of four French-owned sites in the city. The incident occurred when Israeli security forces entered the Eleona site without prior authorization, leading to a strong condemnation from French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot, who deemed the situation "unacceptable." This event marks a significant moment in the ongoing complexities surrounding the ownership and management of these historic sites, which are referred to as "national domains" and are steeped in a rich historical heritage.
The four sites owned by France include the Eleona, the Tomb of the Kings, the Saint Anne estate, and the Abu Gosh monastery, all located in East Jerusalem, an area occupied and annexed by Israel since 1967. The Eleona, located on the Mount of Olives, is particularly notable as it is built on the site where, according to Christian tradition, Christ taught the "Our Father" prayer. This estate has been under French ownership since the 19th century and attracts numerous tourists and pilgrims due to its religious significance.
The Tomb of the Kings, long misidentified as the burial site of Judean kings, is believed to be the mausoleum of Helen of Adiabene, a 1st-century Jewish queen. This site has faced challenges regarding its ownership, particularly from ultra-Orthodox Jewish groups who contest the right of access for prayer. The site underwent significant renovations funded by France and reopened in 2019.
The Church of Saint Anne, located near the Pool of Bethesda, was originally built by Crusaders in the 12th century and has been managed by the "White Fathers" since 1878. The site has a tumultuous history, having been transformed into a Koranic school after the fall of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and being gifted to France by the Ottoman Sultan in 1856.
Lastly, the Abu Gosh monastery, situated in an Israeli Muslim village, has been home to Benedictine monks since 1976. It was established in the 12th century and was given to France by Sultan Abdulaziz as compensation for the loss of another church.
Historical Context and Future Implications
The recent incident underscores the delicate balance of power and the historical complexities surrounding foreign ownership in Jerusalem. France's unique position as the only foreign power with national domains in the city has led to ongoing tensions, particularly with Israeli authorities. The French government has consistently defended its rights over these sites, citing their historical and cultural significance.
As diplomatic relations continue to evolve, the future of these sites remains uncertain. The potential for further incidents could exacerbate tensions, not only between France and Israel but also within the broader context of Israeli-Palestinian relations. Observers are keenly watching how this situation develops, as it could have implications for international diplomacy in the region.
